Radioactive contamination

Medium indicator Oil and gas production is one important source of radioactive substances in Norwegian marine waters. Produced water contains naturally occuring radioactivity, which is discharged to the sea or may precipitate out to form scale on pipelines and other production equipment. The scale is classified as low-level radioactive waste. Technetium-99 discharged from the Sellafield reprocessing plant has also affected Norwegian waters. Technetium has a very long half life, and accumulates particularly in seaweed and shellfish. The Chernobyl accident in 1986 resulted in substantial radioactive fallout in parts of Norway. Radioactivity is still being transferred from the soil to plants and animals. The concentrations of caesium-137 are measured in meat and milk to ensure that food is safe.

Large variations in levels of radioactive contamination

Discharges of produced water containing low levels of radioactivity are expected to increase in the future. Technetium-99 discharges from Sellafield have been greatly reduced, and levels in seaweed, fish and shellfish will therefore also drop. Levels of radioactive caesium from Chernobyl are declining very slowly, so that caesium will continue to enter food chains for several decades to come.


Reducing discharges, clean feeding and consumption advisories

Norway’s goal is to reduce releases of naturally occurring radioactive substances from oil and gas production to near background levels by 2020. The radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl accident is a long lasting problem. Countermeasures like clean feeding, early slaughter time and caesium binders are used to reduce contamination of sheep, cattle and domestic reindeer.

Sheep at pasture absorb radioactive caesium from contaminated grass, herbs and fungi.  Clean feeding is used to reduce contamination before slaughtering
Sheep at pasture absorb radioactive caesium from contaminated grass, herbs and fungi. Clean feeding is used to reduce contamination before slaughtering.

Oil and gas production results in discharges of water containing low levels of radium isotopes
Oil and gas production results in discharges of water containing low levels of radium isotopes.