The lynx was widely distributed in the 19th century. Photo: Arne Nævra/SCANPIX
The lynx was widely distributed in the 19th century, but at that time there were relatively few lynx in northern Norway and Sweden. Its distribution probably became more restricted during the 1800s, and by 1920-1930 there were only relict populations in the two countries.
Increasing population of lynx in the 1950s and 1960s
In the 1950s and 1960s the number of lynx within the populations rose again, and it expanded into parts of its former range. In addition, there was a marked expansion of the distribution area into northern both Sweden and Norway. The lynx thus became established in areas where it had not previously been found. The breeding population in Finnmark, Norway´s northernmost county, was probably established as late as 1980.
In 2008, 72 to 76 breedings of lynx were registered in Norway. This is estimated to give a population of between 429 and 452 individuals.
Hunting and permissions to kill regulates the population
During the 1930s all-year hunting and rewards for hunting nearly caused the population of lynx to go extinc. Today, quota hunting is the most important means of population control. Quota hunting of lynx entails ordinary hunting with legal authority in the game legislation. The quota is determined by a regional council. . Management regulations based on the Wildlife Law can also give the Ministry permission to kill individuals of lynx to prevent them causing damage to livestock or semi-domestic reindeer.
Roe-deer is the most important prey for the lynx. The growth and expansion of the roe-deer has been a significant factor in the increase and expansion of the lynx population.
Preventive efforts and monitoring of the population
The reward for shooting of lynx was phased out in 1980, and in 1992, the lynx became protected, until quota hunting was introduced in 1994.
International agreements concerning lynx
The lynx is listed on the Bern Convention’s Appendix III. It is also listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).
Ensure a sustainable lynx population and livestock grazing in outfield areas
Today’s policy focuses on a sustainable lynx population, as well as continued farming practices with livestock grazing in outfield areas and a varied use of natural resources and a thriving local community. The environmental authorities must therefore consider each area independently due to differing interests.
Preventive efforts shall reduce depredation of livestock and conflicts. Efforts include quota hunting and permissions to kill to avoid predation on livestock or semi-domestic reindeer.
Monitoring the lynx population
The national monitoring programme documents annual breedings of lynx in each region. These data are based on field records from research projects, information from nature management surveyors from the Norwegian Nature Inspectorate, and sightings by local observers.